Which Mesoamerican civilization practiced agriculture and developed a sophisticated calendar?

The Mayan civilization is well-known for its advanced agricultural practices and the development of a highly intricate calendar system. The Maya engaged in farming techniques that included the use of raised fields and slash-and-burn methods, which allowed them to cultivate a variety of crops such as maize, beans, and squash.

In addition to their agricultural prowess, the Maya created a sophisticated calendar that consisted of several interlocking cycles, most notably the Tzolk'in (a 260-day ceremonial calendar) and the Haab' (a 365-day solar calendar). This calendrical system was essential for their agricultural planning, religious ceremonies, and cultural events, reflecting their deep understanding of astronomy and seasonal cycles.

While other civilizations, such as the Aztecs, also practiced agriculture and had their own calendrical systems, the complexity and accuracy of the Mayan calendar, along with their specific agricultural methods, set them apart as a unique civilization in Mesoamerican history. The Incas, though notable for their own achievements in agriculture, were located in South America rather than Mesoamerica. The Olmecs, regarded as one of the earliest civilizations in the region, contributed to cultural foundations but did not reach the same level of sophistication in calendar development as the Maya.