Which historical figure led Athens between 461 and 429 B.C. and is known as the "first citizen of Athens"?

Pericles was a prominent and influential leader of Athens during its Golden Age, particularly between 461 and 429 B.C. He played a crucial role in the development of Athenian democracy and the Athenian empire. As a statesman, he initiated significant cultural and political advancements, including the construction of the Parthenon and the promotion of arts and philosophy, which contributed to Athens' reputation as a center of culture and intellect in the ancient world.

His leadership style emphasized the importance of democracy, and he is often credited with expanding the democratic system in Athens to allow greater participation from its citizens. The title "first citizen of Athens" reflects not only his high status but also his commitment to the ideals of Athenian democracy, where he sought to represent the interests of the citizens rather than an elite ruling class.

In contrast to the other figures mentioned, Cyrus the Great was known for establishing the Persian Empire, Thucydides was a historian famous for his account of the Peloponnesian War, and Leonidas was a warrior king of Sparta, best remembered for his leadership at the Battle of Thermopylae. None of these figures were directly associated with the leadership and democratic developments in Athens during the time of Pericles.