Which ancient civilization is known for their contributions to astronomy and a complex calendar system?

The Maya civilization is renowned for its significant advancements in astronomy and the development of a highly sophisticated calendar system. They meticulously observed celestial bodies, which allowed them to create detailed astronomical tables that tracked events such as solar and lunar eclipses. Their astronomical knowledge was deeply intertwined with their agricultural cycles, religious ceremonies, and social organization.

The Maya also created a calendar known as the Maya Long Count, which was used to determine important dates and events in their society. This calendar operated on a complex system that included a 260-day ritual calendar (Tzolk'in) and a 365-day solar calendar (Haab'). These achievements illustrate the Maya's deep understanding of time and celestial movements, showcasing their impressive intellectual contributions to the field of astronomy.

The other civilizations mentioned, though they also had notable achievements, did not contribute as extensively to astronomy or calendar systems as the Maya. For example, while the Inca had a deep connection with the solar calendar and agricultural practices, they did not have the same level of astronomical sophistication or complexity in their calendrical systems. The Olmec civilization is primarily known for its artwork and monumental structures rather than astronomical contributions. African tribes had various cultural practices and knowledge systems, but they are not associated with the same specific calendar and