Name the kingdom that dominated trade along the Red Sea and was located in present-day northern Ethiopia.

The kingdom that dominated trade along the Red Sea and was located in present-day northern Ethiopia is Axum. This ancient kingdom was a significant trading empire from approximately the 1st to the 7th centuries AD. Its strategic location allowed it to control trade routes between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, facilitating commerce with civilizations in Arabia, India, and beyond.

Axum is particularly known for its wealth and powerful economy, which were fueled by trade in goods such as gold, ivory, and spices. The kingdom also played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity in the region, especially after the conversion of its king, Ezana, in the early 4th century. Through its advanced maritime trade and cultural exchange, Axum had a lasting impact on the development of trade networks and cultural diffusion in East Africa.

The other options represent different historical kingdoms that had their own regions and influences. Nubia was located to the south of Egypt and was known for its own trade networks and cultural interactions, while Mali and Songhai were empires that thrived in West Africa, primarily around the trans-Saharan trade routes for gold and salt.